Assume you've installed VMware PowerCLI. You can download the PowerCLI 6.5.0R1 here.
1) If the vCenter is not connected, then connect to vCenter first.
Connect-VIServer -Server <yourVCenterIP> -Credential (Get-Credential)
2) Type the following (copy/paste) command to list Datastore Info of currently connected vCenter.
Get-Datastore | foreach { $_ | Add-Member NoteProperty "URL" $_.extensiondata.info.url -PassThru | Add-Member NoteProperty "DeviceID" $_.extensiondata.info.vmfs.extent.diskname -PassThru } | select Name,DeviceID,URL
3) If you want to export the result to csv file, then skip step-2 and use the following command.
Get-Datastore | foreach { $_ | Add-Member NoteProperty "URL" $_.extensiondata.info.url -PassThru | Add-Member NoteProperty "DeviceID" $_.extensiondata.info.vmfs.extent.diskname -PassThru } | select Name,DeviceID,URL | Export-Csv -NoType DatastoreDeviceInfo.csv